Emerging Technologies And Innovation

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Emerging Technologies And Innovation

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Emerging Technologies And Innovation

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Question:
Write an essay on the Cyber Crimes.

Answer:

1. Introduction
A Cybercrime can be defined as any crime that involves any digital equipment, a computing device to be very specific, irrespective of the fact that whether a computer system has been utilized for conducting the crime or   a computer device (or a network) itself has become the victim of any criminal activity (Broadhurst et al. 2014).
The principle objective of this paper is to provide in depth information about a proposed research   work aimed at finding efficient methods for preventing cybercrimes. The report provides insight   into the problem domain, along with the purpose and justification of conducting the research work. The research questions have also been defied in this paper, along with the research   methods to be utilized in conducting   the research work. Last but not least the estimated duration of the project along, with the work breakdown structure and the risk matrix of the project would also be mentioned in the report.
2. Rationale of the research
2.1 Problem domain
Authors Broadhurst and Chang (2013) are opined that the number of cyber crimes reported in the last few   years has forced information security experts to conduct serious research woks in the said domain:   however, the authors firmly believe that the over dependency of the Government agencies and the business organizations on information technology tools is the primary reason behind the sudden rise in the number of cyber crimes.
Researchers Gordon et al. (2014) are of the opinion   that business organizations   should   consider and develop strategies so as avoid be being the victims of cyber crimes: hence they have emphasized on the strategies for the prevention of cybercrime, along with the use of digital forensic technologies for the identification of the sources of such crimes and the collection of evidences.
Thus it can be said that the fact that several research works are currently being conducted in the field of cyber crime and prevention indicates the significance of the domain: hence conducting a research project on the said topic is justified.

2.2 Purpose and justification

The aim of the proposed research work would be to unveil the reason behind the sudden rise in cyber crime activities in the last couple of years, such that efforts can be made towards the prevention of such incidents. The researchers would emphasize on the motivation with which the cyber criminals launch such attacks and the sophisticated tools and techniques which aid them in the successful conduction of cyber crime. Needless to say, the efforts made by the researchers would be directed towards finding efficient methods for reducing (or completely avoiding) cybercrime activities.
2.2.2 Objective of the research
The objectives of the research project in consideration are being enlisted below:

To conduct in depth survey of existing literary and scholarly articles so as pinpoint the motivation with which cyber crimes are being committed.
To identify the reason behind the success of the intrusions that have been reported in the recent past, along with thousands of others that have not been detected.
To identify the methods which can be utilized for avoiding cyber crimes in an efficient manner.

2.3 Sponsor/ Supervisor Recommendation
The supervisor or the sponsor associated with the project need not recommend the project, as the project has already been approved by the University and is being conducted in accordance to the   norms and regulations of the said authority.
2. 4 Justification of research work:
It is expected that proposed research would be successful at revealing the factors that have influenced the sudden rise in the number of cyber crimes reported in the last few years, along with the identification of the strategies that would be helpful in changing the trend.
The results of the research work would indeed help those business organizations and government offices that have experienced breaches in their secured computer networks. On the other hand, the finding of this project is expected to encourage further research work   in the very same domain.
Thus, the selection of the research domain is justified.
3. Research Question
The   proposed research work would be aimed at finding the solutions of the following research questions:

What are the primary motivations of the cybercriminals behind intruding secured computer networks?
Why is the success rate of cyber criminals so high and why do cyber crimes get undetected for long periods of time?
What methods can be used for avoiding cyber crimes in an efficient manner?

4. Conceptual or   theoretical frame work

Figure: Conceptual Framework
5. Research Methodology
5.1 Research methods
The researchers have decided to conduct an exploratory research work, using the post-positivism philosophy. Since the primary objective of the research work is to   identify the   methods that can be utilized in reducing   the number of cyber crimes, the selection of the research methodology is justified (Robson & McCartan, 2016) .
5.2 Data collection
Researchers Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault (2015) are of the opinion that the process of data collection facilitates the process of penetrating into the topic being researched on. Author Panneerselvam (2014) has seconded the opinion, besides differentiating all data sources into the following two classes:
Primary sources of data: Raw data collected from individuals who are associated with the research domain are considered to be primary data (Blumberg, Cooper & Schindler, 2014). The researchers would conduct interviews with IT security personnel and authorities of organizations that have experienced cyber crimes in the past so as    collect data regarding such attacks.
The researchers would also create questionnaires and post them in public forums so to collect data from other IT professionals willing to participate in the survey.
Secondary sources of data: Information collected from the existing literary articles would be utilized in the research work.
5.3 Ethical issues

The names and other personal identities of the IT professionals being interviewed would not be released in public.
The information collected from the said professional would be utilized for research purpose only (Billig & Waterman, 2014).
The researchers would not influence the IT professionals in any manner whatsoever.

5.4 Compliance of requirements
The research work has to abide by the following rules set up by the University:

The researchers would not be able to publish any sensitive information collected during the research work in any public forum (Pickard, 2012).
The researchers would not be able to interview any person having past records of conducting cyber crimes.

5.5 Analysis of data
he information collected from the primary sources of data would be analyzed using the under-mentioned techniques:

Quantitative analysis: The data collected from the secondary sources of data would be interpreted and analyzed using the following tools (Tuohy et al. 2013):
descriptive statistics’
regression analysis
Qualitative analysis: Qualitative analysis techniques would be utilize to collect the information available from the research papers and other existing literary articles (Salaberry & Comajoan, 2013).

6. Project Plan
6.1 Deliverables
The deliverables of the project under consideration are being mentioned in the following list:

The project proposal document depicting the aims and objectives of the research study to be conducted, the rationale for selecting the said domain and the information collected during the background study.
The estimated time, budget and other resources required to conduct the project successfully.
The progress report of the project, submitted in regular intervals.
Presentations documenting the significant findings of the research work.
A well documented final project report describing the aims and objectives of the project work, the methods and techniques used in conducting the research work, the data collected during the process and information gained from the process of data analysis, along with the all findings of the research work.

6.2 Work Breakdown Structure
The activities associated with the project have been identified in the following Work Breakdown Structure:

Figure: Work Breakdown Structure of the project
6.3 Risk Analysis
The risks associated with the project have been discussed in the table below:
Table: Risks associated with the project

Risk Domain

Risk description

Probability

Severity

Risk Score
(P * S)

Action for managing or avoiding risk

Prior Commitments

The group members might not be able to participate in the research activities due to any prior work commitment (Matthews & Ross, 2014).

Minor changes might be included in the project schedule such that the project is completed within the time committed to the supervisor and/ or the sponsor

Risk associated with the materials to be used in research

The research materials required for conducting the project might not be available at the institute library (Anfara Jr & Mertz, 2014).

The members of the project team should consult with the librarian regarding the research materials that would be required for conducting the research work, even before commencing the research wok, to check the availability of the said materials.

Risk associated with the project group

The members of the project group might not be comfortable working with each other.

The project team lead requires to conduct meetings with the other members so as to resolve such issues (Clark & Creswell 2014).

Risk associated with research methodology

The selected methodology might not be appropriate for the research work being conducted (Lushey & Munro 2014).

Consultation with the supervisor is necessary before finalizing the methods to be used.

Technological risks

The computing devices being used for the research work might malfunction (Miller et al. 2012).

Backups of research data need to be maintained.

6.4 Duration
The estimated time duration required for the project has been provided in the table below:
Table: Estimated duration of the project.

Task Mode

Outline Number

Task Name

Duration

Start

Finish

Predecessors

Auto Scheduled

Project on Cyber Crimes

120 days

Mon 01-08-16

Fri 13-01-17

Auto Scheduled

Project starts

0 days

Mon 01-08-16

Auto Scheduled

Selecting the project topic

13 days

Mon 01-08-16

Wed 17-08-16

Auto Scheduled

2.1

Consideration of all the available project topics

2 days

Mon 01-08-16

Tue 02-08-16

Auto Scheduled

2.2

Selecting two or more from the available topics

0.5 days

Wed 03-08-16

Auto Scheduled

2.3

Conducting a brief background study of the topics

10 days

Wed 03-08-16

Wed 17-08-16

Auto Scheduled

2.4

Selecting the topic of the project based on the information available from the background study

0.5 days

Wed 17-08-16

Auto Scheduled

2.5

Topic of the project work finalized

0 days

Wed 17-08-16

Auto Scheduled

Designing the project proposal

29 days

Thu 18-08-16

Tue 27-09-16

Auto Scheduled

3.1

Considering the aims and objectives of the research work to be conducted

4 days

Thu 18-08-16

Tue 23-08-16

Auto Scheduled

3.2

Conducting a brief survey of the existing literary works

5 days

Wed 24-08-16

Tue 30-08-16

Auto Scheduled

3.3

Finalizing the research methods to be used in the project

7 days

Wed 31-08-16

Thu 08-09-16

Auto Scheduled

3.4

Estimating the time, budget and other resources required for conducting the project

5 days

Fri 09-09-16

Thu 15-09-16

Auto Scheduled

3.5

Documenting the project proposal

7 days

Fri 16-09-16

Mon 26-09-16

Auto Scheduled

3.6

Submitting the project proposal

0.5 days

Tue 27-09-16

Auto Scheduled

3.7

Approval of project

0.5 days

Tue 27-09-16

Auto Scheduled

3.8

Project Approved

0 days

Tue 27-09-16

Auto Scheduled

Conducting the research work

52 days

Wed 28-09-16

Thu 08-12-16

Auto Scheduled

4.1

Conducting an in depth literature review

15 days

Wed 28-09-16

Tue 18-10-16

Auto Scheduled

4.2

Data collection

15 days

Wed 19-10-16

Tue 08-11-16

Auto Scheduled

4.2.1

Conducting the primary data collection process

10 days

Wed 19-10-16

Tue 01-11-16

Auto Scheduled

4.2.2

Conducting the secondary data collection process

15 days

Wed 19-10-16

Tue 08-11-16

Auto Scheduled

4.3

Analyzing and Interpreting the data collected

15 days

Wed 09-11-16

Tue 29-11-16

Auto Scheduled

4.3.1

Conducting the qualitative data analysis process

10 days

Wed 09-11-16

Tue 22-11-16

21,20

Auto Scheduled

4.3.2

Conducting the quantitative data analysis process

15 days

Wed 09-11-16

Tue 29-11-16

20,21

Auto Scheduled

4.4

Arriving at a conclusion

7 days

Wed 30-11-16

Thu 08-12-16

24,23

Auto Scheduled

Documenting the findings of the research work

26 days

Fri 09-12-16

Fri 13-01-17

Auto Scheduled

5.1

Presenting the significant findings of the research work to the Sponsor/ Supervisor

3 days

Fri 09-12-16

Tue 13-12-16

Auto Scheduled

5.2

Project results approved

1 day

Wed 14-12-16

Auto Scheduled

5.3

Documenting the final project report

20 days

Thu 15-12-16

Wed 11-01-17

Auto Scheduled

5.4

Submitting the project report

2 days

Thu 12-01-17

Fri 13-01-17

Auto Scheduled

Project ends

0 days

Fri 13-01-17

7. Bibliography
Anfara Jr, V. A., & Mertz, N. T. (Eds.). (2014). Theoretical frameworks in qualitative research. Sage Publications.
Billig, S. H., & Waterman, A. S. (Eds.). (2014). Studying service-learning: Innovations in education research methodology. Routledge.
Blumberg, B. F., Cooper, D. R., & Schindler, P. S. (2014). Business research methods. McGraw-hill education.
Broadhurst, R., & Chang, L. Y. (2013). Cybercrime in Asia: trends and challenges. In Handbook of Asian criminology (pp. 49-63). Springer New York.
Broadhurst, R., Grabosky, P., Alazab, M., Bouhours, B., & Chon, S. (2014). An Analysis of the Nature of Groups Engaged in Cyber Crime. An Analysis of the Nature of Groups engaged in Cyber Crime, International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 8(1), 1-20.
Clark, V. L. P., & Creswell, J. W. (2014). Understanding research: A consumer’s guide. Pearson Higher Ed.
Gordon, G. R., Hosmer, C. D., Siedsma, C., & Rebovich, D. (2014). Assessing technology, methods, and information for committing and combating cyber crime.
Lushey, C. J., & Munro, E. R. (2014). Participatory peer research methodology: An effective method for obtaining young people’s perspectives on transitions from care to adulthood?. Qualitative Social Work, 1473325014559282.

2.2 Purpose and justification

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